Thursday, October 16, 2008

Bai Enpei

Bai Enpei is a politician. Bai is currently the Secretary of the Communist Party of China Yunnan Committee, the highest political position in the province.

Biography


Bai was born in 1946 in Shaanxi Province. Bai was re-elected to as Secretary by the Yunnan Provincial People's Congress on January 24, 2008. Bai has held this position since October 2001.

Zheng Jun

Zheng Jun is singer. Originally from Xi'an, he attended university in Hangzhou. His first album, entitled '''' , was released by Red Star Productions in 1993, achieving immediate success. He later released an album entitled '''' .

Zheng Jun has also recorded a Chinese language version of Coldplay's song "", entitled "流星" , which was included in the soundtrack of the 2001 Taiwanese television series ''''. He released another album in May 2007.

In 2007, Zheng joined the judges' panel of ''Happy Boys Voice'', a sequel to Hunan Satellite Television's ''''; a controversy developed over his quarrel with fellow judge Yang Erche Namu over her ranking of a contestant from his hometown of Xi'an.

Zhao Shoushan

Zhao Shoushan was a general and politician.

Biography


Zhao Shoushan was born in Shaanxi in 1894. After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, Zhao was the Governor of Qinghai and Shaanxi.

Zhao Jiping

Zhao Jiping is a Chinese composer from Shaanxi. He is best known for his film scores for the Chinese director Zhang Yimou.

Zhao studied at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing.

Film scores


*''Yellow Earth''
*''Red Sorghum''
*''Raise the Red Lantern''
*''The Story of Qiu Ju''
*''''
*''''

Yuan Renlin

Yuan Renlin , Zhenqian , was a Qing dynasty . He was from Sanyuan county, Shaanxi province, and lived in the early 18th century.

Yuan is best known for his work ''Xu zi shuo'' , a 68–page study of s. The work is full of careful and original observations on the grammatical functions of both individual grammatical particles and combinations of these. The attention Yuan Renlin paid to combinations of grammatical particles is remarkable for its time. Yuan had a profound influence on the authors of the first proper grammar of Literary Chinese, Ma Jianzhong and his brother Ma Xiangbo.

Yu Shenjeer

Yu Shenjeer was a leading realistic of the late Tang Dynasty. Her courtesy name was Yowei , and sobriquet, She was one of few female poets during the Tang Dynasty, she was Bisexua' but homosexuality was forbidden during the Tang Dynasty, and made Mayor Chang'an angry with her. Her famous poem is .

Bisexuality


She was born in Chang'an, and was a beautiful woman. When she was a young girl that Li Shangyin taught her how to write poetry. Her second poetry teacher was Wen Tingyun , who was also her lover. She was concubine to a rich businessman, but this ended when the man's wife forced him to leave Yu. It even so abandon Yu but rich businessman still loved Yu and supported her. When Wen Tingyun left her in 870 that made Yu second times strike on spirit, it could identified Yu owne Electra complex.

Then Yu formed a relationship with her handmaiden. When Yu discovered her handmaiden had fallen in love with the same man as she had, Yu hung her handmaiden from a tree and beat her to death, then buried her in her garden.

Poem Style


Yu‘s poem style was influenced by Li Shangyin and Wen Tingyun, poem masters in late Tang Dynasty.

Her works date from the time of the only female Emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian. Her work depended on poem exam appointed officials, till female Yu Shenjeer was wonderful circle finished in late Tong.

Execution


Mayor Chang'an was a warlord. Warlords hate lesbian because they need lots soldiers but lesbians tend not to have as many children as their heterosexual counterparts. He arrest and accused Yu of murder. On the day of her execution, she said :.

Film


In early 1980s a film according to Yu‘s life with Hong Kong.

Xi Zhongxun

Xi Zhongxun was a communist revolutionary and a State Councillor of the People's Republic of China. He is considered to be in the first of the generations of Chinese leadership.

Biography


Born in a land-owning farm family in Fuping, Shaanxi, Xi joined the Communist Youth League in May 1926 and the Communist Party of China in 1928. Xi was the Deputy Prime Minister of China from 1959 to 1962, and the Governor of Guangdong from 1979 to 1981.

He made major contributions to China, firstly as the man who mentored future leaders of China such as Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao and second as the man who proposed and implemented China's first , Shenzhen, which later was used as the standard model for the other economic zones.

He was remembered for his friendship to his colleagues, his tolerance to diverse cultures and religions, his idealism of an open market socialist country and his integrity in his beliefs. He was one of the few upper level leaders who voted during the 1980s for open reform and was persecuted afterwards for this bold move.

His famous lines include, "We need to reform China and implement this economic zone even if it means that we have to pave a bloody road ahead and I am to be responsible for it." which he uttered to Deng Xiaoping when trying to convince Deng of the necessity of market socialism in China.

Xi Zhongxun married Qi Xin, his second wife, and had four children: Xi Qiaoqiao, Xi An'an, Xi Jinping, and Xi Yuanping. Xi Jinping is the the current .

Bibliography


*China's New Rulers: The Secret File, Andrew J. Nathan and Bruce Gilley, The New York Review Book
*The Origins of the Cultural Revolution, Vol. 3 : The COming of the Cataclysm, 1961-1966

Qiu Xia He

Qiu Xia He is a Chinese ''pipa'' player.

Qiu Xia was born in Baoji, Shaanxi, China and she studied at the Xi'an Academy of Music. After graduating, she taught at the academy and toured with the Shaanxi Music and Dance Troupe. In 1989, she went to Canada, and settled in Vancouver, British Columbia. Qiu Xia was a founding member of the cross-cultural ensemble ASZA, which she left in 2001. As well, she founded the Vancouver based world music group, Silk Road Music. Her first recording with that group, entitled ''Endless'', was nominated for a Juno Award. Her CD ''Autumn Cloud'' was nominated for two Canadian Folk Music Awards. The group has performed on CBC Radio 2.

Qiu Xia is married to the Montreal-born guitarist Andre Thibault. Now living in Vancouver, Thibault founded the group Jou Tou, in which Qiu Xia plays pipa and other instruments. Thibault also plays in Silk Road Music with Qiu Xia. Qiu Xia and Thibault often tour as a smaller version of Silk Road called the Silk Road Duo.

She also plays the ''guqin''.

Qiu Xia also performs from time to time with the Brazilian guitarist Celso Machado.

In addition to the ''pipa'', she also plays the ''ruan'', sings, and plays percussion.

Discography


*1995 - ''ASZA''
*1998 - ''Jongo Lê''
*2000 - ''Endless''
*2001 - ''Village Tales''
*2002 - ''Ju Tou''
*2006 - ''Autumn Cloud''

Listening


*
*

Gautama Siddha

Gautama Siddha was a translator, astronomer, astrologer and compiler of descent, known for leading the compilation of the ''Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era'' during the Tang Dynasty. He was born in Chang'an, and his family was originally from India, according to a tomb stele uncovered in 1977 in Xi'an. The Gautama family had probably settled in China over many generations, and might had predate even before the establishment of Tang. He was most notable for his translation of Navagraha calendar into .

Gao Gang

Gao Gang was a Chinese Communist political figure. A native of Hengshan, Shaanxi Province, he joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1926. In the mid-1930s he was in charge of a small independent Communist area at , Shaanxi, where the Long March led by Mao Zedong ended.

Although he was persecuted and distrusted by Mao and his allies first, Gao survived in the cleanings. When Mao took control of Shaanxi, he still need a local leader to appease the local CPC members. Gao became the ideal candidate for his character of being intrepid and never covering his despise of intellectual which was consistent with Mao's personality and appealed to Mao. Thus Gao turned to a favorite of Mao and went on fast track.

Being a natural born organizer, Gao turned Shaanxi into Mao's power base and made himself close political ally of Mao. During his years in Shaanxi, he held the position of Commissar of Interim Headquarter of Shaangan Frontier Red Army in 1933, Vice chairman and General Commissar of Northwest Revolution and Military Committee in 1935, General Secretary of Shaangan Frontier in 1938, Speaker of Council of Shaangan Frontier in 1939, General Secretary of Central Bureau of Shaangan Frontier and later General Secretary of Northwest Bureau in 1941. Furthermore, Gao gave Mao great support in and was one of those who got greatest benefits from this large scale purge.

Manchuria


After the end of Chinese anti Japanese war, he was sent to Manchuria to mobilize the occupation. At first Gao was only the No 4 next to Lin Biao, Peng Zhen and Chen Yun. But he showed his talents in logistics and economic construction, which gave great support to Lin's armies. When Lin had a power struggle with Peng, Gao backed up Lin and got his reward when Peng was transferred to other areas. Gao replaced Peng as Deputy General Secretary of Northeast Bureau and Deputy Commissar of Northeast Democratic Association Army in 1946, later became chief Party secretary of Manchuria . He also served as a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Secretary of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice-Chairman of the Central People's Government. However, Gao Gang's status was greatly tarnished by his sexual scandals involving numerous White Emigre women who were ardently anti-communist, though these women were just using him to get better living conditions. Moreover, Gao Gang used large public funds to pay off these Russian White Emigre women, which enraged both Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan, as well as other lower ranking communist cadres, who refused to help in Gao Gang in his downfall near a decade later. In fact, even those former lower ranking communist cadres Lin Biao disliked had joined Lin Biao in struggling Gao Gang, and Gao's sexual scandals and using public funds for payoff were listed as his crimes. Though Lin Biao's action certainly had something to do with his attempt to clear himself in front of Mao, Gao Gang definitely had himself to blame for what he did. Though there were other high ranking communist cadres and commanders who had affairs, none of them dared to use public funds for the payoff, probably because they were not as high ranking as Gao Gang, and more importantly, all of the women in these affairs were either from the lower class or within the communist ranks, none of the women these cadres involved were ardent anti-communist Russian White Emigre. Gao Gang had simply went too far that not only caused him to lose Lin Biao's favor, but as well as that of Mao Zedong and Stalin.

When he was in Manchuria, Gao was close to Stalin, which provoked Mao's suspicion of Gao turning Manchuria into an independent autonomy or colony of Soviet Union. However, Stalin was equally suspicious to Gao Gang due to his numerous and close sexual encounters with various ardent anti-communist Russian White Emigre women, and eventually sold Gao Gang out: according to the recently declassified Chinese archive released to the public, as well as those former Soviet documents unclassified after the fall of former-USSR, Gao Gang had provided important information on Mao Zedong, Chinese communist party and Northeast China to Stalin without Mao's approval and knowledge, but Stalin turned this information to Mao during his state visit to former-USSR, thus selling out Gao Gang.

Beijing


In 1952 Gao Gang was appointed as chairman of Central Planning Commission of the Central People's Government and chairman of Northeast Executive Committee. In 1953 he was transferred to Beijing and left his power base. After the establishment of People's Republic of China, CCP's principal mission changed from military operation to peaceful construction.

In Beijing, Gao got involved in a complex power-battle . One interpretation is that the bureaucrat group led by Liu Shaoqi replaced the military group led by Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao as the backbones of CCP. Gao took advantage of generals' discontent to challenge Liu's title as heir to Mao Zedong. But as the bureaucrat group consist of more CCP patriarchs inclusive of Zhou Enlai Chen Yun and Deng Xiaoping, and their influence was so deep that even Mao could not ignore it. Thus, Gao lost support from Mao.

Some sources take a different view, interpreting Gao Gang as part of a pro-Russian faction. Another interpretation - argued by Deng Xiaoping - is that that he was just personally ambitious. While Frederick Teiwes's ''Politics at Mao's Court: Gao Gang and Party Factionalism in the Early 1950s'' argues that Mao had been trying to use Gao Gang against particular policies of Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai, but that Gao went further than Mao intended. This book reproduces in English some of the official document from the time, as well as subsequent comments on it. Teiwes's view appears to have some support from the recently declassified Chinese archive released to the public , and those former Soviet documents declassified after the fall of former-Soviet Union, as well as the documents. According to these documents, one of the alleged crimes of Gao Gang was that he openly advocated turning Northeast China into a Soviet Republic, arguing that doing so would deter the United States from attacking the region. Gao Gang's opinion outraged most Chinese communists and was immediately criticized heavily by Liu Shaoqi, and even Mao joined Gao's critics.

Purge


While the origins of the Gao-Rao Affair are obscure, there emerges from various accounts a sense that Gao Gang, at a minimum, was much too pro-Soviet for the likes of other senior CCP leaders. During a July 1949 trip to Moscow with Liu Shaoqi, for example, Gao is said to have suggested that Manchuria become part of the USSR, as the 17th Soviet Socialist Republic. Perhaps more plausibly, Gao is thought to have been supplying senior Soviet leaders with confidential information about CCP discussions and internal affairs.

The timing of Gao’s downfall appears to hinge on two events: the June 1950 outbreak of the Korean War, and Joseph Stalin’s death in March 1953. Gao’s grip on Manchuria was critical to the smooth supply of men and material to the war effort, and even after he was transferred to Beijing in 1952, he continued to be involved in planning and distribution. As for Stalin, Russian scholars argue that Mao Zedong did not dare touch Gao until after Stalin’s death. Mao is quoted as saying to a Soviet diplomat, ‘If you can purge Beria, we can purge Gao.’

The Gao-Rao Affair is considered by some to be the beginning of the Sino-Soviet split, although there is scant evidence in support of the notion. What is clear is that it was later used to define a turning point. An outline of Mao’s December 1959 speech about the breech between the two communist powers complains that Moscow held the CCP back in 1949, denied that the revolution was real in 1949-51 and “In 1953, Gao , Rao , Peng and Huang started a subversive movement with Moscow’s support.” The inclusion of the latter two, who were not connected to the Gao-Rao Affair, is mere historical revisionism.

Assessment


Gao was a natural-born politician, but he showed more talents in economy regulation and planning, especially when he ruled Manchuria, he turned it into the most energetic and robust part of China. And in the early stage of Korean War, Gao ensure the supply and logistics of Chinese army, like a director behind the stage. But Gao was a controversial figure from the very beginning. Maybe because he seldom covered his ambition and obsession with extravagant life. Gao liked dancing with beautiful girls and had many affairs with them, which made him notorious among senior CPC leaders. The most popular story about Gao is once when he hosted a meeting of thousands people, he described people's preference to bourgeois life style was like penis, getting erection from time to time.

While Deng Xiaoping restored the reputations of Peng Dehuai, Liu Shaoqi, etc., he insisted that Gao Gang had been in the wrong and that his condemnation had been correct.

Dong Zhao (Kuomintang)

Dong Zhao was a KMT general from Shaanxi.